This section contains a listing of papers in the area of legislative
studies that have been presented at professional conventions in recent
months. Entries were taken either from preliminary or official convention
programs, and are categorized by topic. The convention at which the paper
was presented is noted under each topic as a sub-heading. The following
meetings are represented:
|
| LEGISLATIVE RECRUITMENT, CAREERS, TURNOVER
AND PUBLIC APPROVAL BACK
TO TOP
APSA: "Media Coverage of African Americans in Congress," J. Zilber, College of William & Mary, and D. Niven, OH State U. "The Incumbency Advantage and Turnover in State Legislature," J. Carey, R. G. Niemi and L. W. Powell, U. of Rochester. "Political Ambition and Legislative Behavior: Policymaking with an Eye Toward the Future," K. A. Bratton, Binghamton U. "Strategic Retirements from the U.S. House: You Can't Fire Me, I Quit," S. A. Borelli, J. W. Swain, and B. C. Reed, U. of AL. "Congress Reviled: Support for Term Limits in the American Electorate," L. Cohen and G. Copeland, U. of OK. "Turnover Down Under: The Effect of Electoral System Characteristics on Legislative Turnover in Australia," G. Moncrief, Boise State U. "The Hill on Film: Hollywood's Take on the United States Congress and Its Members," M. Canning, Foreign Service (retired) "The Home Style Homepage: Legislator Use of World Wide Web Pages to Advance a Home Style Strategy," S. Adler, C. B. Overmeyer and C. E. Gent, U. of CO. "Pathways to Political Professionalism: Institutional Context and the Emergence of a Political Class in the U.S. and Germany," J. Borchert, U. of Goettingen. "Members of Congress as Congressional Enemies: How Representatives Shape Public Perceptions of Congressional Processes," D. Lipinski, Duke. "Generational Differences in Political Support and Political Participation: The Case of Congress," S. J. Farnsworth, Mary Washington College. "Preparing Undergraduates for a Quality Internship on Capitol Hill," E. J. Alpert, Washington Center for Internships and Academic Seminars. "Gender, Party, and the Accidental (?) Legislator," M. Considine, U. of Melbourne and I. E. Deutchman, Hobart and William Smith College. SPSA: "Constituent Evaluations of U.S. Senators," J. A. Segal, SUNY Stony Brook. "House Retirement Decisions in 1996: The Lessening Impact of Formal Positions of Influence," J. L. Bernstein, Eastern MI U. "Women as Candidates: An Examination of the Factors Related to the Decision to Run," S. Procopio, IN U. "Modeling the Term Limit Vote: Evidence from a Southern State," D. A. Breaux and D. E. Slabach, MS State U. FC: "Representatives, Pressure Groups, and Term Limits," L. Fowler, Dartmouth. "Building Reputations and Shaping Careers: The Strategies of Agenda
Setting in the U.S. Senate," W. Schiller, Brown.
LEGISLATIVE CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS BACK TO TOP APSA: "Party Support and Consultant Use in Congressional Elections," S.K. Medvic, Old Dominion. "Black Republican Congressional Candidates, 1994 and 1996: Too White for Blacks, Too Black for Whites," C. B. Mobley, DePaul. "Personal Vote, Party Vote and Electoral Institutions: Explaining Different Electioneering Practices of Japanese, French, German and Austrian Conservatives," M. Kreuzer, Columbia. "Linking Structural Adjustment Policies to Re-election Strategies: The Case of the Spanish Socialist Party," K. Hamann, U. of Central FL. "The Legislative Connection in Campaign Finance," S. Ansolabehere and J. M. Snyder, Jr., MIT. "The Dynamics of Congressional Elections: Incumbency as a Political Resource," L. Elms, UC, Berkeley and P. M. Sniderman, Stanford. "Christian Right Candidates Win Again: The 1996 Congressional Elections in Oklahoma," N. L. Bednar, U. of OK. "Ideology and Congressional Elections: Testing a Model," D. A. Scocca, U. of NC. "Campaign Spending by Candidates, Parties and Independent Groups," G. W. Richardson, Jr., VA Polytechnic Institute and State U. and R.E. Burkhart, U. of IA. "Party Contributions and the Competitiveness of U.S. House Races in 1994 and 1996," P. Donnay, Bemidji State U. and G. P. Ramsden, Creighton U. "Character, Charisma, and Candidate Location: The Downsian Model When One Candidate has an Exogenous Advantage," T. J. Groseclose, OH State U. "Candidate Strategies and Voter Choice in Presidential, Semi-Presidential and Parliamentary Elections," J. K. Dow, U. of MO. "Equivalent 'Bang for the Buck'? A District Level Test for Differential Returns for Campaign Expenditures," J. Connor Green, TCU. "When Women Run: Congressional Districts and Female Candidates," N. R. Krassas, Eastern CT State U. and D. Levy, SUNY Brockport. "A Woman's Seat in Congress? The Role of Gender and Race in the Battle to Succeed Pat Schroeder," M. Bauer, Metro State College of Denver. "The Puzzle of Constituency Diversity: Conditional Effects of Population Characteristics on Competition in Congressional Elections," J. R. Bond and K. Campbell, TX A&M. "Candidate Quality in U.S. House Elections," L. S. Maisel, Colby College and W.J. Stone, U of CO, Boulder. "Historical Cycles of Congressional Elections: An Aggregate-Level Analysis," G. P. Lynch, Georgetown. "Ideological Balance and the Congressional On-Year Vote," R. S. Erikson, C. J. Carman and M. Hinnawi, U. of Houston. "Does Electoral Uncertainty Cause the Midterm Cycle?" K. F. Scheve and M. Tomz, Harvard. "Candidate Campaign Organizations in General Elections," J. H. Bernstein, UC, Berkeley. "Revisiting the Congressional Rally Effect," K. R. DeRouen, Jr. and W. R. Mack, II, TX A&M. "Campaigns, Information and Electoral Accountability: Candidates and Voters in the 1992 and 1994 House Elections," G. Flemming, U. of WI, Madison. "Campaign Finance Reform and the 1996 House Elections," R. K. Goidel, IN State U., D. A. Gross, U. of KY and T. Shields, U. of AR. "Predicting U.S. Senate Open Seat Elections," J. C. Grant, Francis Marion U. "Ethnic Underpinnings of Voting Preference: Latinos and the 1996 U.S. Senate Election in Texas," S. Graves, U. of TX and J. Lee, U. of TX, Austin. "Race and U.S. House Elections: A Longitudinal Analysis," G. J. Hampton, OH State U. "Election Rematches in the U.S. House of Representatives," R. Renka, Southeast MO State U. "Utilization of the World Wide Web as a Communicator of Campaign Information," K. James and J. D. Sadow, LA State U. "Legislators, Campaigns and Voters Over Time," P. Sellers and D. Holian, IN U. "Exploring the Effects of Incumbent Integrity in U.S. House Elections," C. McCurley, East Carolina U. and J. Mondak, U. of Pittsburgh. "How to Analyze Multi-Party, District-Level Election Data," J. N. Katz, CA Institute of Technology and G. King, Harvard. "Candidates' Positions in Congressional Elections: Reconciling Empirical and Theoretical Research," B. C. Burden, OH State U. "Attack and Response: Candidate Negativity and the News Media as Intermediary," A. A. Haynes, GA State U. and S. Rhine, Wittenberg U. "A Dynamic Model of Campaign Fundraising," B. A. Saranti, Northwestern. "Formal Models of War Chests," J. M. Goodliffe, U. of Rochester. "Reconsidering Buckley vs. Valeo: How Should We Regulate Spending by Wealthy Candidates?" A. Gerber, Yale. "Spatial Models of Parliamentary and Presidential Votes," T. Colton, Harvard. "Russian Regions and Voter Choice in the Parliamentary and Presidential Elections," E. Fecko-Curtis, U. of MI. "The Nested Structure of Senate Elections," B. S. Jones, U. of AZ. "A Theory of Crosspressures and Reinforcement in Congressional Elections: The Effect of Presidential Approval and Party Identification on House Races," T. Renner, U. of TX, Austin. SPSA: "Congressional Candidate Television Commercials: Strategies for Success," C. Williams and L. McCollum, U. of OK. "Hit or Miss: Local Media Coverage of Congressional Campaigns," C. D. Vinson, Furman U. "Nonincumbent Congressional Candidates and Strategic Position-Taking," R. G. Boatright, U. of Chicago. "Why Gains Look Like Losses: A New Model of Campaign Spending," T. Grant, OH State U. "Shifting Partisan Fortunes in Electoral Politics: Winning and Losing in the 1992, 1994 and 1996 State Legislative Elections," J. Frendreis and A. R. Gitelson, Loyola U., Chicago. "What is So Special About Special Elections?" R. K. Gaddie and A. Hicks, U. of OK, and C. Bullock, U. of GA. "Playing the Odds: Challenger Quality in State Legislative Elections," J. Marion, IN U. "What the Parties Stand For in the States: Candidate Issue Positions in the 1996 State Legislative Elections," G. C. Wright, IN U. FC: "Understanding the Presentation of Self: Candidate Actions and Voter Response," W. Bianco, Penn State. "Promises and Pork: The Distribution of Pork Barrel Projects and Vote-Buying in Congress," D. Evans, Trinity College. "The Nationalization of Electoral Forces Revisited," M. Fiorina, Harvard
[with D. Brady and R. D'Onofrio].
REDISTRICTING AND REPRESENTATION BACK TO TOP APSA: "Representing Black Interests: Symbols and Substance in Legislative Activity," V. N. Sinclair, OH State U. "Responsiveness, Representation and Race: Re-analyzing Black Substantive Representation -- Whither the Interest Group Scores," E. J. Narcisse, Harvard. "Racial Redistricting and Public Policy in the U.S. House of Representatives," D. I. Lublin, U. of SC. "Do Districts Matter? Measuring District Influences upon the Voting Behavior of Black Members in the House of Representatives," S. M. Theriault, Stanford. "Minority Candidates and Structural Changes: The Response of Latino Candidates to Congressional Redistricting," B. Nye, Union College. "Congress and the Threat of Direct Democracy," D. Wolfensberger, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. "The Consequences of Majority-Minority Districts for Representation: Evidence of Partisan Mobilization, Counter Mobilization, and Demobilization," P. Brandt, Northwestern. "Measuring the Constitutionality of Majority-Minority Districts," S. O'Halloran, Columbia. "Heteroskedasticity, Equilibrium Institutions, and Minority Representation," R. Austin, U. of Rochester. "Representation, Electoral Competition and the Distribution of Public Opinion," G. J. Gulati, U. of VA. "Substantive Representation and the Legislative Racism Hypothesis," B. E. Anhalt, Stanford. "The Demise of Racial Districting and the Future of Black Representation: Evidence from the 1996 Elections," C. S. Bullock, III and R. E. Dunn, U. of GA. "Redistricting and Incumbency in the House of Representatives," S. Desposato and J. Petrocik, UCLA. "Elemental Verities: U.S. State Legislative Sizes and Units of Apportionment, 1700-1930," C. A. Kromkowski, U. of VA. "Senate Apportionment and the Geographic Distribution of Federal Domestic Assistance: Do Small States Have Advantages in Procuring Funds?" F. E. Lee, Vanderbilt. "Constituents and Knowledge of Representative Behavior," P. W. Gronke, Duke. "Linking Representation and Member Behavior to Voting Behavior," J. M. Box-Steffenmeier, D. Kimball and K. Tate, OH State U. "Of, By or For the People? Representation in the Senate on Environmental Issues," A. Richardson, Princeton. "The Impact of Majority-Minority Mandates on Partisan Gerrymandering," K. W. Shotts, Stanford. "The Power of Ideologically Concentrated Minorities," S. Merrill, III, Wilkes College, W. Koetzle and T. L. Brunell, UC Irvine. "Invisible Politics: Congressional Challengers and Issue Positions," R. G. Boatright, U. of Chicago. "Save Me a Seat: How Redistricting by Bipartisan Commissions Affects Incumbency in State Legislatures," J. Buchanan, Stanford. "Do Traditional Districting Principles Matter?" M. Altman, Harvard. "Apportionment as Insulation: An Analysis of Historical Maps," B. J. Gaines, U. of IL. "Constructing the Nation: Territorial Representation and the Thirteen Original State Constitutions," A. Rehfeld, U. of Chicago. "Rethinking the Link Between District Diversity and Electoral Competitiveness," B. Grofman, W. Koetzle and T. L. Brunell, UC Irvine. SPSA: "The Senate as a Representative Institution," B. I. Oppenheimer, Vanderbilt. "Electoral Competition, Public Opinion and Senate Votes on Late-Term Abortions," G. J. Gulati, U. of VA. "Constituency Influence on Volume of Bills Introduced," R. L. Boucher, Jr., American U. "Changes in Partisan Bias and Responsiveness in Southern House Districts in the 1990s," J. A. Aistrup, Fort Hays State U. "Electoral Change and Swing Voters in Congressional Elections," D. Kimball, OH State U. "Divided Government and Policy Representation," A. Hinton Anderson, Loyola, Chicago. "Women, Representation, and Economic Growth: A Cross-Sectional Analysis," S. Sinha and D. Moss, U. of North TX. "Representation Effects on the Enfranchisement of Black Voters During Reconstruction," M. Cobb and J. Jenkins, U. of IL at Urbana-Champaign. "Congressional Redistricting Goes to Court: A Bleak Future for the Minority Political Voice?" R. K. Ahern, U. of AZ. "Representational Linkages and Support for Civil Rights," A. Johnson
Benifield, U. of AL at Birmingham.
LEGISLATIVE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR BACK TO TOP APSA: "In Our Interest: Women's Roll Call Cohesion in Congressional Voting," Frances Akins, U. of GA. "Why Differences Matter: The Impact of Women in Congress," R. Aved and C. Tien, U. of IA and D. Levy, SUNY Brockport. "What a Difference an Election Makes: Representing Women's Interests on Health Care and Reproductive Rights Policy in the 103rd and 104th Congresses," D. L. Dodson, Rutgers. "Racial Polarization and Realignment in the New South," D. I. Lublin, U. of SC and D. S. Voss, Harvard. "Information and Legislative Process in the European Union," C. Crombez, K. U. Leuven. "Trends in the Production of Legislation, 1945-84," F. R. Baumgartner and G. S. Krutz, TX A&M and B. D. Jones, U. of WA. "The Representation of Women in State Legislatures," R. E. Hogan, Rice. "Modelling Legislator Ideology Using Surveys of Elites," B. Bishin, UCLA. "The Future of Debate and Deliberation in Congress," C. Campbell, George Washington U. and R. Davidson, U. of MD, College Park. "Institutional Reforms and Trade Coalitions," M. Hiscox, UC San Diego. "From the Shadows to the Light: Congressional Rhetoric and Foreign Policy Voting," B. J. Balleck, GA Southern U. "Domestic Commitments: Legislatures and International Cooperation," L. Martin, Harvard. "Political Ambition and Legislative Styles," R. Herrick, OK State U. "Black Legislative Politics in Illinois," J. Dear, Old Dominion. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Southern Congressional Voting Behavior: 1978-1996," D. R. Green, American U. "The Impact of Increased Female Representation in the U.S. State Legislatures," E. Williams, U. of FL. "Monumental Disasters: From Mr. Smith Goes to Washington to Independence Day," W. Jones, VA Wesleyan College. "Major Contested Speaker Elections: 1839-1923," F. D. Grande, CUNY New York City. "The Gingrich Revolution," U. Balakrishnan, St. John's U. "The Dyadic Representation of General Ideological Preferences in the U.S. Congress," K. Quaile Hill and P. A. Hurley, TX A&M. "The Senate and the Contract with America: Senate and House Action on Major Legislation in the 104th Congress," D. J. Wirls, U. of CA. "Floor Behavior of Freshman Representatives in the 104th and 105th Congresses," R. X. Browning, Purdue. "Strategic Abstention and the Congressional Vote Choice," L. Rothenberg, U. of Rochester and M. Sanders, FL State U. "Bureaucratic Constituency Influence on Congressional Roll-Call Behavior: The Influence of Government Employees on Support for Federal Spending in the U.S. House, 1989-1994," W. Blair and J. C. Garand, LA State U. "'Lifting as We Climb': An Analysis of Legislative Experience, Leadership, and Perspectives Among African-American Women State Legislators," W. Davis, FL State U. and K. A. King, OH State U. SPSA: "The Transition and Use of Information: Who Knows Who and Who Knows What in Two State Legislatures," I. L. Morris and J. Hindera, TX Tech. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Southern Congressional Voting Behavior," D. Green, American U. "Did Race-Based Redistricting in the South Increase Ideological Polarization in Southern U.S. House Delegations?" A. Hayes and K. A. Wink, Western Carolina U. "National Legislatures and Cooperation in International Institutions: European Political Cooperation and the Recognition of Croatia," S. D. Bos, U. of NC. "The Puzzle of Universalism in the House and Senate," B. Gaines and B. Sala, U. of IL at Urbana-Champaign. "Institutions and Preference Aggregation: The Prohibition and Repeal
of Amendments," T. Schaller, SUNY Binghamton.
LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEES BACK TO TOP APSA: "Leadership and Institutional Development in the Early U.S. House of Representatives: Henry Clay and the Standing Committee System," R. Strahan, V. G. Moscardelli, M. Haspel and R. S. Wike, Emory. "The Senate Purse: A Longitudinal Study of the Senate Appropriations Committee in the Postreform Era," B. W. Marshall and B. C. Prins, MI State U. "Intercommittee Transfers and Their Determinants," S. Ahuja, U. of S.W. LA. "A Two-Dimensional Approach to Congressional Organization Studies," J. Hardin, U. of NC, Chapel Hill and J. Talbert, U. of KY. "Committee Theories and Committee Institutions," D. C. King, Harvard. "Committee Specialization in State Legislatures During the Twentieth Century: Do Legislatures Tap In the Talents of their Members," K. E. Hamm and S. S. Post, Rice and R. D. Hedlund, Northeastern U. "Outlaying Committees in the Statehouse: An Examination of the Prevalence of Committee Outliers in the Lower Chambers of Ten State Legislatures," L. M. Overby, U. of MS and T. Kazee, Davidson College. "The Informational Consequences of Joint Committees," J. Batista, Duke. "The Origins of Committee Autonomy, 1910-1946: The Conditional Party Government Alternative," R. R. Lopez, U. of CO. "Transformational Leader or Faithful Agent? Innovation and Continuity in House Majority Party Leadership: The 104th and 105th Congresses," B. Sinclair, UCLA. "Entrepreneurial Leadership in Historical Perspective: Henry Clay and the Institutional Development of the U.S. House," C. Stewart, III, MIT and J. A. Jenkins, U. of IL. "Minority Party Leadership in the U.S. Senate: Preliminary Findings," J. B. Bader, UCLA. SPSA: "Marginal Freshman Committee Assignments: The Shift from Pork to PAC," J. Williamson and M. Gunning, Emory. "Why Do Committees Approve the Bill that They Do? Testing Committee, Party Government, and Informational Theories," O. Takeda, Princeton. "Testing Theories of Committee Rationales in the States," J. Battista,
Duke.
POLITCAL PARTIES, NON-PARTY CAUCUSES AND INFORMAL GROUPS BACK TO TOP APSA: "The Changing Congressional Black Caucus: The Urban/Rural Issue," F. C. Walton, U. of GA. "A Vote-Trading Model: Implications for Universalism, Party Control and Committees," C. Volden, U. of Chicago. "Work Groups in the 21st Century of Congress," C. L. Evans, College of William & Mary and W. J. Oleszek, Congressional Research Service. "Institutions of Party Control in Congress," K. Bawn, UCLA. "Testing and Institutional Theory of Party/Interest Group Coalitions," M. J. Gilligan, NYU. "The Dynamics of Congressional Loyalty: Party Defection and Roll Call Behavior, 1947-1997," T. Nokken, U. of IL. "Partisanship and Electoral Reform: Change in Congressional Cohesion, 1876-1932," R. K. Wilson, National Science Foundation. "Modeling the Effects of Intra-Party Institutions on Systems of Party Competition," A. J. McGann, Duke. "Assessing Legislative Party Loyalty," J. Londregan, Stanford. "Democratic Accountability and the Strategic Economic Vote," R. Stevenson, Rice. "Political Parties and Parliamentary Dissolution: The Strategic Control of Parliamentary Elections," K. Strom, UC San Diego and S.M. Swindle, Norwegian U. "Republican Party Heterogeneity and Negative Agenda Setting: The Tuesday Lunch Bunch and the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives," R. Kolodny, Temple. "Political Parties and Women's Representation in Parliament: The Role of Party Ideology and Party Organization," M. L. Caul, UC Irvine. "The Myth of Bipartisan Trade Consensus: Party Leadership and Partisan Conflict in U.S. Trade Policy (1934-1997)," M. L. Gibson, U. of CT. SPSA: "Committee and Party Leadership in the Postreform House: Partisan Agendas and Institutional Arrangements," F. Wright, U. of FL. "Legislative Change: Minority Party Cohesion on Environmental Issues in the 103rd and 104th House of Representatives," A. Halfacre, Albright College and R. Horn, Samford College. "House Committees and Floor Amendments Activity in the Era of Party Government," J. Owens, U. of Rochester. "Distributive and Partisan Issues in Agriculture Policy in the 104th House," M. S. Hurwitz, R. J. Moiles and D. W. Rohde, MI State U. "The State Legislative Black Caucus in TX," M. Briscoe, TCU. "Party Conflict in Transforming Legislatures: The Effect of External
and Internal Partisan Development on Internal Party Conflict," R. B. Anderson,
Auburn.
LEGISLATIVE STRUCTURES AND ORGANIZATION BACK TO TOP APSA: "Unpacking Democracy: Presidentialism, Parliamentarianism, and the Democratic Peace Treaty," M. F. Elman, AZ State U. "The Lander Parliaments in a Global Era," R. Lehne, Rutgers and R. Gress, Goethe U. "Re-Envisioning Congress: Theoretical Approaches to Legislative Change," L. C. Dodd, U. of FL. "Exploring Institutional Change in the Modern U.S. Hosue of Representatives," S. E. Johnson, U. of AZ. "The House in an Era of Fiscal Austerity: Institutional Responses to the New Deficit Politics, 1980-1996," F. M. Wright, U. of FL. "Changing the Rules of the Game: Single-Member Districts and the Representation of Women in State Legislatures," J. D. King, U. of WY. "Predictors of State Legislative and Executive Leadership Capacity: A Look at State Ideology," M. L. Whicker and M. Collins, Rutgers and M.E. Jewell, U. of KY. "Looking Back, Looking Forward: Late 19th Century Views of the 20th Century Senate," R. A. Baker, Senate Historian. "Technology and the Future of Congress," S. E. Frantzich, U.S. Naval Academy. "The Development of the Division of Power Among the European Commission, the Council, and the European Parliament," M. Widgren, Yrjo Jahnsson Foundation. "Institutional Design and Legislative Behavior: A Comparative Analysis of the Legislative Budget Process in Post-Soviet Russia and Estonia," J. Ostrow, GA State U. "Political Reform and the (1996) Knesset," F. Tachau, U. of IL, Chicago. "Pork, Patronage and Protectionism: How Electoral Systems Affect Rentseeking," R. Rogowski, UCLA and M. Busch and J. L. Broz, Harvard. "House Rules: Institutional Choice and U.S. Trade Policy," R. Pahre, U. of MI. "Competition and Candidate Activity in Districted and Cumulative Voting Electoral Systems," S. Bowler, UC Riverside, D. Brockington, U. of WA, and T. Donovan and T. Sulkin, Western WA U. "Legislative Reorganization: Political Narratives and Congressional Reform," E. Hirsch, U. of CO. "Federalist Claims and Empirical Findings: The Case of Indirect Election of the U.S. Senate and the Decline of State's Rights," J. R. Sopp, U. of IL. "Electoral Institutions and Partisanship in the Russian Duma," T. F. Remington and M. Haspel, Emory. "The Effect of Legal Thresholds on the Revival of Power of Former Communist Parties in Central and Eastern Europe," G. Loewenberg and B. J. Moraski, U. of IA. "Institutional Causes of Legislative Productivity in the Post-WWII Era," S. Adler, U. of CO, C.M. Cameron, Columbia, and R. A. D'Onofrio and W. Howell, Stanford. "An Empirical Process Control Model of Legislative Throughput: Testing the Effects of Congressional Reform in the 104th House of Representatives," J. A. Thurber, The American U. and J. M. Gill, Cal Poly. "The Postreform Congress and the Federal Reserve," J. W. Burns, U. of CT and A. J. Taylor, NC State U. "Intent and Interpretation of Amendment Rules in the House of Representatives," S. Bach, Congressional Research Service and E. Rybicki, Center for Legislative Archives. "Liberal/Conservative, Feminine/Masculine: Women Candidates in Multi-Candidate Races and Evaluation Bias," P. M. Miller, U. of KY. SPSA: "Campaign Finance Reform and the 1996 House Elections," R. K. Goidel, IN State U. "Exploring Theories of Legislative Organization: A Longitudinal and Cross-Chamber Study of Legislative Committees," B. W. Marshall and B. C. Prins, MI State U. "Bill Referral in the U.S. House," W. Hixon, U. of Rochester. "State Election Procedures and the Nationalization of U.S. Congressional Elections," R. T. Kersh and J. M. Stonecash, Syracuse. "Changes in Professionalism in American State Legislatures," J. D. King, U. of WY. "Information Dissemination in Legislatures," B. Gomez, Duke. FC: "Understanding Congressional Institutions: Soaking and Poking Among
Individual Aspirations, Majority Will and History," J. Aldrich, Duke and
K. Shepsle, Harvard.
LEGISLATIVE-EXECUTIVE RELATIONS BACK TO TOP APSA: "Ticket-Splitting, Divided Government and the 1996 Presidential Election," J. M. Bruce, R. D. Brown, L. M. Overby and C. E. Smith, Jr., U. of MS. "Testing a Model of Split-Ticket Voting: A More Precise Measure of Fiorina's Policy Balancing Model," M. Lichti, U. of New Orleans. "The Divided American Voter: Voting Across Presidential and Congressional Elections," D. Kimball, OH State U. "Aligning Test with Theory: Presidential Approval as a Source of Influence in Congress," G. C. Edwards, TX A&M. "Organization and Performance in Legislative Liaison: The Nixon, Ford and Carter Offices of Congressional Relations," E. Paul, Johns Hopkins. "The Legislative Effects of Divided Government: Using Vetoes to Measure Legislative Productivity," D. Polidoro, U. of TX, Austin. "Presidential Veto Use Amid Party Majorities," S. Hoff, DE State U. "Uses of Administrative and Congressional Strategies for Reelection Purposes by Presidents in Weak Positions: Truman, Carter, Bush and Clinton," W. W. Lammers, USC. "Two Conflicting Views of the Beneficience of Divided Government: A Review and Empirical Test," R. Jankowski, SUNY Freedonia. "Presidential Campaigning in Midterm Senate Elections--A Second Look," J. M. Jones, SUNY Stony Brook. "Explaining Executive-Legislative Budget Agreement," S. A. Shull and T. C. Shaw, U. of New Orleans. "Safety Enforcement and Fire Alarm Oversight: OSHA Bureaucratic Behavior as a Response to Congressional Committee Membership," J. Twombly, SUNY Buffalo, B. Headrick, Moorhead State U. and G. Serra, Bridgewater State College. SPSA: "The President's Support in Congress: A Test of U.S. China Policy, 1980-1994," P. B. Liu, U. of New Orleans. "Presidential Reputation and the Presidential Appointment Process," J. M. Jensen, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. "Before Success: The Politics of Presidential Position Taking," G. Young, U of MO at Columbia and L. Andrade, U of North TX. "Presidential Success in Congress: A Synthesized Understanding," Y. Shin, U of GA. "Reverse Lobbying: Political Engagement from the White House and Congress," R. G. Shaiko, American U. "Executive-Legislative Conflict in U.S. Foreign Affairs," K. Caruson, U. of GA. "The Presidential Veto: Uncertainty and Political Costs," T. Mockabee, OH State U. "Divided Government and Presidential Success: A Comparison of Presidents Bush and Nixon," R. S. Conley, U. of MD. "Divided Government in Reverse: A Test of the Two Presidencies," R.
Renka, Southeast MO State U.
LEGISLATIVE AND PUBLIC POLICY BACK TO TOP APSA: "The Impact of the EP on EV Legislation: When, Where & Why?" A. D. Kreppel. "The Influence of the EP on Environmental Legislation," A. Kalandrakis, U. of CA. "Health and Safety Legislation in the European Parliament," C. B. Jensen, UCLA. "Parliamentary Influence on European Union Legislation: Theory Evidence," H. Schultz, Stanford and P. Lange, Duke. "Their People Equal Their Policy: The President, Congress and Appointments to the Federal Reserve," K. Chang, Stanford. "Policy Attributes, Congressional Committees, and Legislative Attention in Telecommunications Policy from 1945 to 1996," M. C. Rosenstiehl, TX A&M. "Congressional Policymaking in the Postwar Era: A Theory of Transactions Cost Politics," S. O'Halloran, Columbia. "A Tale of Two Congresses: Social Policy in the Clinton Years," J. Ferejohn, Stanford. "The 104th Congress, the President and Welfare Reform: Where Did the Middle Go?" A. M. Cammisa, Suffolk U. "Stick a Fork In It: The AFDC Program in Congress and the White House," M. Rom, Georgetown. "Translating Legislation into Law: A Case Study of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993," J. Hulse Thompson, Beaver College. "Regulation and Representation: Opinion-Policy Congruence and Regulatory Policy in America," B. R. McKay, U. of Houston. "Immigration Policy Preferences and Anti-Immigrant Opinion," M. Neiman and K. Fernandez, UC Riverside. SPSA: "Legislative Signaling and Monetary Policy," R. Lightfoot, Miami U. "Foreign Policy Decision-Making in the Senate: A Comprehensive Examination Across the Three Dimensions of Policy," Q. Kidd, TX Tech. "Defense Budgeting and Congress: A New Era and a New World," R. Handberg R. L. Bledsoe and L. Gatlin, U. of Central FL. "From the Shadows to the Light: Congressional Rhetoric and Foreign Policy Voting," B. J. Balleck, GA Southern U. "Setting the Agenda in Foreign Policy: The President, Congress and Media," J. S. Peake, TX A&M. "Fiscal Responsibility in Congress," A. J. Taylor, NC State U. FC: "Poking at Budgeting," K. Krehbiel, Stanford.
LEGISLATURES AND COURTS BACK TO TOP APSA: "Criteria for the President and the Senate in Making Judicial Appointments," T. L. Jipping, The Free Congress Foundation. "Legislative Incentives and Two-tiered Judicial Review: A Game-Theoretic Reading of Caroline Products Footnote Four," J. R. Rogers, TX A&M. "Congressional Preferences, Perceptions of Threat and Supreme Court
Decision Making: An Empirical Examination of the Separation of Powers,"
T. Hansford and D. Damore, UC Davis.
INTEREST GROUPS, PACS AND LOBBYING BACK TO TOP APSA: "Cue Taking Among Big Givers," W. Joe, Georgetown. "Decision Rules of Major Individual Contributors to Congress: The Importance of Incumbent Committee and Ideology," P. S. Herrnson, U. of MD and L. W. Powell, U. of Rochester. "A Profile of Large Contributors Over Time," J. C. Green, U. of Akron. "Counting the Cash: Organized Giving and Campaign Finance," T. R. Marshall, U. of TX, Arlington. "Different Voices, Different Issues? Lobbyists, Gender and the Strategy of Issue Manipulation," H. N. Foust, Emory. "Interest Groups, Committee Agendas, and Partisan Changes in Congress," G. J. McKissick, Emory. "Interest Group Lobbying: Differences Between the Legislative and Executive Branches," S. R. Furlong, U. of WI, Green Bay. "PAC Sensitivity to Candidate Ideology," C. H. Franklin, U. of WI. "Pushing the Campaign Finance Envelope: Parties and PACs in the 1006 Congressional Elections," D. Dwyre, CA State U. "Early Politics on the World Wide Web: Congress and Organized Interests on the Internet," J. P. Messmer, U. of MO. "Electronic Lobbying: Interest Groups and Grassroots Mobilization," R. Davis, BYU. "Money Matters: Women's PACs and Individual Contributions' Impact on Unique Senate Elections," K. J. Barnes, UC Riverside. "More Bucks for the Bang: Estimating the Impact of Party Campaign Expenditures on PAC Decision Making," S. C. Gordon, Princeton. "The Majority Vote Rule and Campaign Contributions," S. Gordon, UC Davis. "A Survey of the Theoretical Assumptions and Statistical Properties of Legislative Ratings," G. D. Adams, Carnegie Mellon. "Does the Supreme Court Have It Right? Toward a Quantitative Standard for Evaluating Redistricting Plans after Shaw v. Reno and Bush v. Vera," C. Cirincione, U. of CT, T. A. Darling, U. of Baltimore and T. G. O'Rourke, U. of MO St. Louis. SPSA: "A Foot in the Door: Do PACs Buy Access?" M. Chin, J. Bond and N. Geva, TX A&M. "Theories of Access and the Timing of PAC Contributions," J. M. Box-Steffensmeier and P. M. Radcliffe, OH State U. "Interest Representation in the Intelligence Subsystem," K. Hula, Loyola College. "The Dynamics of Access: The Use of Inside and Outside Lobbying Strategies by Organized Labor, 1957-1997," E. Heberling, OH State U. FC: "Interest Groups, Congress, and the EPA: Selecting Members of the National
Drinking Water Advisory Council, 1995-1997," J. Wright, George Washington
U.
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